A Folk Group, By Martha C. Sims And Martine Stephens

A folk group, according to Martha C. Sims and Martine Stephens, in Living Folklore: An Introduction to the Study of People and Their Traditions is described as †Families, friends, co-workers and others all are groups based on common interests and experiences† (300). A folk group that everyone is born into is their family. Familial folk groups can share values, beliefs and anecdotes, similar to other folk groups (39). However, unlike other folk groups, one does not choose their family. This leaves some people, like myself, to question their belonging within this folk group. Although I share some beliefs with my family, we disagree on others many others. The many differences between me and my family leads me to feel as if I have one foot in my folk group and another outside. The internal conflict about my sense of belonging has forced me to make decisions that have contributed to the creation of my individual identity. My family consists of myself, my father, my mother and my younger brother. While my mother and brother are rambunctious, my father and I te nd to be more laid back. My dad practices Roman Catholicism, while my mother leads a secular life. While I went to a private, Catholic school my entire life before LSMSA, my brother goes to public school. My father and I are early risers, while my brother and mom like to sleep late. As my family seems to only exist on opposite extremes, there is a lot of middle ground for me to choose where I stand. This choice and myShow MoreRelatedBreaking the Disney Spell2039 Words   |  9 PagesDisney failed to recognize the original creators of the stories that made him so popular: the folk. Historically, fairy tales were told amongst people that historians and folklorists refer to as the folk. That is, the stories were shared orally, in what is commonly referred to as sacred space (Curry). Fairy tales were not intended to be read alone, in silence. Rather, they were created to be shared in a group of people, and, while fairy tales were saturated with meaning, that meaning could vary based

Living the American Dream - 918 Words

The American Dream has long been held with high regard by the people of the United States. The human experience within the American Dream varies, but was founded with the intended goal of the pursuit of happiness; it involves freedom of opportunity to the individual and the availability of upward socioeconomic mobility due to one’s successes. The experience is similar to other individual’s in many ways through these guarantees, because all have protection of their individual rights and protection of their property. The political and economic opinions of John Locke and Adam Smith contributed greatly to the implementation of free markets, and the development of competition in relation to economic success. This Dream is inherently related with a democratic political system and with a free market economy, but also with the religiosity that the Dream was founded within. Judeo-Christian values have been held important by American thinking for just as long as the Dream ha s been recognized. The American Dream, although originated within religious tones, boasts freedom of religion and is one of the rights promised to the individual. This Dream could also be interpreted as promising procedural rights, as its free economy and democratic nature was developed to set certain limits to the government by due process and powers invested in the people. However, it is important to recognize the United States was the first nation to assure the right of education to its people, a knownShow MoreRelatedLiving The American Dream Act863 Words   |  4 Pagespeople today, living the American dream is as simple as waking up. Many young adults do not have to worry about deportation from the only country they have known as home. Nonetheless, 7.6% of the population in North Carolina’s school system is the sons or daughters of illegal immigrants and lack a legal status (Strauss). With the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act (DREAM Act) many o f those young adults will be able to become American citizens. By passing the DREAM Act, this willRead MoreYou Are Living The American Dream1174 Words   |  5 Pages Imagine you are a nineteen-year-old living in the USA. You are homecoming queen, smart, and rather popular. You have a perfect boyfriend and perfect friends. You have an amazing little brother and parents who strive for your success. Monetarily wise, you have an abundance of wealth: a large house, plenty of food, and a nice car. You are living the American dream. Now imagine that you are again nineteen years old, but living in Uganda. You have little money, few belongings, no peers or mentorsRead MoreLiving The American Dream Through The Ages993 Words   |  4 Pages Living the American Dream through the Ages Life is changing everyday, America’s question today is if the American Dream is attainable or not. The answer to this question is yes, it is attainable. With evolution, the American dream has been modified throughout the years. It is defined as â€Å"the idea that the American way of life offers the possibility of unlimited economic, social, etc success to every individual† (The Chambers Dictionary). Many people called the American Dream, the â€Å"good life†. StartingRead MoreEssay about Living or Dying with the American Dream1274 Words   |  6 Pagesto be successful. We all dream of having a decent job, a house, a car or two, good social connections and the respect of our peers. We dream of opportunity and freedom. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, many characters are pursuing their own version of this dream, but they go about it in many different ways. Some see work and perseverance as necessities. Others think personal charm and popularity are esse ntial in obtaining their dreams. We see the American Dream through the eyes of manyRead MoreLiving The American Dream : Do Rewards Override The Costs? Essay1971 Words   |  8 PagesLiving the American Dream: Do rewards override the costs? ‘America is the land of immigrants’- this was the first thing I ever heard about the supreme global power of the 21st century, and my definition of the US has been expanding since then- what class of people are considered immigrants, what lives do they live after migrating, what impacts does this process of migration has on their social and family lives? Being an immigrant myself, I had the opportunity to gain many first hand experiences andRead MoreLiving The American Dream : What Do You Think?1889 Words   |  8 PagesWhen you hear about living the American dream, what do you think? Is the American dream the ability to go to school wherever you want and accomplish everything you’ve ever wanted to do with a little hard work and elbow grease? America is moving into a modern technological age, removing jobs from American workers and having a large effect on what American factory work is currently based on. The assembly line is a unique concept that gives each empl oyee a certain category or task that they are requiredRead MoreEassy About The American Dream948 Words   |  4 Pages to speak the certainty about the American dream, and the truth is this: the American dream is not as easy of a feat to accomplish as you think. Ever since July 4th, 1776, America has fought many wars, overcome the great depression, and had conflict within the nation. With all these great dangers the Americans still have no idea of what the dream is or how to achieve it. Americans may think they are living the American dream, but the reality is that the American people will be faced with challengesRead MoreJohn Steinbecks Dream : The American Dream795 Words   |  4 PagesAn American Dream, what is it? Everyone has dreams,to achieve something great; but do you think you could really even go through with it? The book Of Mice and men by John Steinbeck shows how the American Dream is not attainable he shows that even your most precious dreams for your future canâ€⠄¢t be achieved. Throughout the novel Steinbeck does not support the American Dream, as it is shown in a series of events throughout the novel. In the novel it shows that it can’t be achieved in three ways; firstRead MoreActually Dreaming with Wealth, Freedom, and Health1107 Words   |  4 Pagespeople think of the American Dream, typically the first three that come to mind are wealth, living in freedom, and good health. Perhaps youve heard through tradition about these ideals, and through research, these three are the most prevalent parts of what people think of the American Dream. There are other elements that people can think of, of course, but as a general rule of thumb, these are the ones that people default to. Most people have the same basic idea of the American Dream, but most peopleRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Dream has been a part of United States history since the country began. One can presume that t he saying â€Å"all men†¦are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness† from Thomas Jefferson’s â€Å"Declaration of Independence† is the first known American Dream (US 1776). Though this document says â€Å"all men†, this phrase did not include black people or white women. In 1776, it only meant the free, property-owning males

Disturbance Follow Traumatic Brain Injury â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Disturbance Follow Traumatic Brain Injury? Answer: Introducation All mammals including humans require sleep for survival. Sleep facilitates body restoration, innate protection and energy-conservation. There are two main types of sleep and these include the non-rapid eye move sleep and/or the rapid eye movement sleep (BaHammam, 2010). It has been established that non rapid eye movement sleep involves transitional and deeper sleep stages. Research further indicates that sleep involves a number of 90-minute NREM/REM cycles (Weber, 2013). Sufficient amounts of both of these are imperative in bringing about restoration ones mental and/or physical functioning. Alterations in sleep through disturbances during night time interfere with both the quantity and the quality of sleep. It also brings about an individuals impairment during day time. In the ED and ICU setting according to (Waller Jennum, 2013). sleep pattern alterations leads to negative psychology outcomes such as low immunity, poormetabolism, lowered protein catabolism, poor nitrogen balance an d thus longer hospital stays. Deprivation of sleep diminishes the patients quality of life (QOL), including their cognitive abilities (BaHammam, 2010). Alterations in sleeping patterns also bring about an increase in the patients pain intensity, anxiety and even depression. ICU patients and those in the ED usually have a nocturnal sleep that is fragmented, poor efficiency in sleep and sleep latency. There sleep periods are brief, frequently interrupted by arousals, marketing it evenly distributed across both day and night. These arousals usually by noise and strong lighting interfere with the patients sleeping patterns. This discussion will focus on highlighting the main environmental factors within the ED and ICU that a patients sleeping patterns(Waller Jennum, 2013). The discussion will also outline the different roles of nurses in controlling the identified factors in order to minimize this problem. How Environmental Factors in the ED/ICU Contribute To Alterations in Sleep Patterns of Patients Noise Noise is a major environmental factor that contributes to alteration in the sleep patterns of patients under care in the EDs and in the ICU. Noises within these areas are caused by telephone noise of bedside phones, noises caused by intravenous pump alarms, the ventilator alarms and from conversing caretakers contributed to arousal that alters the patients sleep patterns (Bosma Ranieri, 2009). It is listed among environmental hazard universally as it brings about adverse physical, social, psychological, and spiritual ill-health. Noises from the above sources cause arousal among patients in ICU through its indirect activation of their sympathetic nervous system. This arousal results into awakening thus fragmenting their sleep the pattern (Bosma Ranieri, 2009). Louder noises lead to hyper-arousal and this can be very detrimental to patients within these specialized care units especially when they are bound to have longer hospital stays. Apart from the sources of noise mentioned, others include banging noises from windows and doors closing, water sounds and the bubbling of chest-tubes (Weber, 2013). Usually, nurses within the critical care units are never unaware of their conversations and its irritating effect on the part of the patients. Studies indicate that increasing by just a factor of 10 decibels leads to double the loudness of the noise. Recommended noise levels where both rapid and non-rapid eye movement sleep occurs are 35 decibels (Waller Jennum, 2013). Noise within residential areas and hospitals should therefore be maintained at 45 decibels or lesser during the day. At night however, 35 decibels or lesser noise levels should be allowed. It has been established that some ICUs and EDs report noise levels of even beyond 80 decibels. Lights and Color Strong disruptive light is listed among air pollutants as is the case for loud noise. Research indicates that light is a strong environmental synchronizer that usually entrains sleep by promoting a normal sleep and/or wakefulness cycle. The ICU and ED environment with strong lighting normally alter the patients sleeping patterns (Weber, 2013).. As a consequence, their healing process is slowed, pain intensity increases, they get depressed and anxious and even experience fatigue contributing to longer hospital stays. Windowless critical care units bring about impaired cognition while natural lighting promotes the patients mood easing anxiety and depression. The cognitive impairment that results due to windowless care units with bright lights which make the patients unable to figure out those within the room and the procedures being carried out(Waller Jennum, 2013). This brings about anxiety, panic and worry. Bright fluorescent tubes bring about strong and harsh light leading to visua l fatigue which also interrupts sleep. It also leads to repetitive headaches if patients are not shielded from them. Glares from glass, and polished surfaces affect the elderly patients within the ED and ICUs. Where strong lights are left on for long hours in these units some patients get depressed especially where they cannot control them (Rawding, 2016). The resultant headache, depression and anxiety impact on their healing process while at the same time interfering with their spiritual health. Unmuted bright colors in the critical care units and their reflection in bright light also lead to awakening thus altering a patients sleeping patterns. Nurses Roles in the Provision of Holistic Person-Centered Care by Minimizing the Environmental Factors and Putting the Patient in the Possibly Best Condition for Self-Healing Non-pharmacologic Approaches in the Management of Sleep Disturbance There are different categories of non-pharmacologic approaches towards improving patients sleep. These according to include cognitive-behavioral interventions, provision of complementary therapies and further, modification of the environment. Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions The first intervention can thus be cognitive behavioral therapy for a patients insomnia. Nurses should use this approach in treating the patients in the ICU and ED who have for comorbid insomnia and where the patient develops primary chronic insomnia(Waller Jennum, 2013). Specific components of this approach include the provision of behavioral strategies to the patient such as encouraging them to regularly sleep, controlling the stimulus for sleeping, cognitive therapy, provision of sleep hygiene education and further; relaxation each of which can be given as a mono-therapy (Ashworth et al, 2010). In other cases however, multi-component therapy is needed while ensuring that the interventions are appropriate to the social, psychological, emotional and cultural welfare of the patient. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTI) helps in reducing the perpetuating factors which are below a patients insomnia threshold. It also helps in de-conditioning the bodys hyper-arousal respons e which normally leads to fragmented sleep pattern. Cognitive therapy usually decreases the patients dysfunctional beliefs and/or attitudes which prevent the onset of sleep and its maintenance (Ashworth et al, 2010). As a mono-therapy on the other hand, sleep hygiene education to the patient helps in controlling several habits, practices and environmental factors which influence the length and quality of a patients sleep. The specifics in sleep hygiene education should include directions on effective promotion of both onset and/or maintenance of sleep. Sleep hygiene just like CBTI should be tailor-made for each critical care setting. Complementary Therapy Complementary therapies that aim at improving a patients sleep should be used. These include, muscle relaxation, massaging and a healing touch which focus on enhancing positive health outcomes for the patients physical, psychological and spiritual well-being (BaHammam, 2010). Recent studies indicate that complementary therapies including massage, music therapy,relaxationof muscles and therapeutic touch are very beneficial interventions which promote sleep among critically ill patients. The nursing team can also facilitate the provision of early mobility for patients in the ED/ICU in order prevent and/or treat weakness in the muscles (Cheng Yeung, 2012). It can also improve the patients long-term recovery where it is done step-wise, to boost the patients sleep outcomes. Music therapy can also be used in promoting a patients spiritual and/or psychological healing. Music is able to lull patients within critical care units to voluntarily sleep despite of the seething pain they might be having. Music therapy should thus be availed by the nursing team where available, to help in reducing the patients anxiety and depression. This is recommended especially for individuals who have survived acute myocardial infarction; patients who are currently on mechanical ventilators and; those that have undergone cardiac surgery (Weber, 2013). It should also be used as it lowers ones heart rate their blood pressure and even enhances relaxation especially when it is not loud and disturbing or inappropriate. Environmental Modification The main environmental factors that contribute to alterations in a patients sleep patterns as discussed above include noise and excessive lighting. Proper control and management of these factors will extensively help in minimizing sleep interruptions in the ICU/ED setting(Waller Jennum, 2013). In regard to noise, it is apparent that minimizing its effect on the patient promotes quicker healing physically, culturally, socially, psychologically and even spiritually (Busman Ranieri, 2009). To minimize noise, there is need for nurses to provide patients with ear plugs and or earmuffs based on the consent of the patient or family member. It is also important for the interdisciplinary team attending to the patient to ensure that any nursing equipment which generates noise is switched off where it is not in use. In terms of lighting, it is important to provide the patient with natural lighting that is well controlled. The nursing team should facilitate the regulation of both natural and a rtificial lighting in the ED/ICU. The type of lighting tubes and bulbs should be appropriately chosen and maintained to prevent glares and flickering when under use(Waller Jennum, 2013). The recommended maximum maximum light intensity needs to be set at 6.5 foot-candles for continuous lighting in the care unit but 19 foot-candles during short periods at night. Further, there is need for nurses to turn off lights that are not useful to enable the patient sleep. Pharmacological Considerations Pharmacological treatment can be used along with other interventions in promoting sleep among patients in critical care units. Apparently, pharmacological treatment should be tailor-made for every patient and thus cannot be generalized. One of the approaches under this therapy includes the discontinuation of sleep-disrupting medication to allow patients have normal wake/sleep patterns (Weinhouse Watson, 2011). For instance sedatives and/or analgesics should be reduced in dosage in order to promote sleep. This should however be done carefully to avoid cases of withdrawal symptoms like being restless, insomnia and fatigue (Chung Youn, 2016). It is thus important that a systematic sedative taperi taperingng be done to minimize the risk of one developing sleep-linked withdrawal symptoms. Secondly, the patients can be put on medications for treating acute sleep disturbances to only be used for a short time along with continuous reassessment of the patient (Weinhouse Watson, 2011). Admi nistration of these medications needs to be done along with recommended non-pharmacologic interventions. Particularly, Benzodiazepines are used in treating sleep disorders. Even so, they alter these medications alter ones sleep architecture by reducing deeper NREM and/or REM phased of sleep. Since REM sleep relates to respiratory dysfunction, reduction of benzodiazepine-induced REM can be an advantage among some patients (Sterniczuk et al, 2014). Even so, there are several limitations of benzodiazepines and these include dependence risks, among other adverse events like nightmares and restlessness. It is thus apparent that pharmacological approaches are imperative in managing sleep alterations just like the non-pharmacological approaches used. In conclusion therefore, sleep pattern alteration in the ED/ICU are mainly caused by noise and lighting. The discussion above outlines how noise and lighting interrupt sleep patterns leading to delayed healing, longer hospital stay, development of mental and physical complications and poor body immunity. The discussion further focuses on the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in minimizing the effect of the environmental factors while promoting sleep among patients in critical care units. The nursing interventions are holistic in nature and can enable the provision of person-centered in the ICU/ED. References Ashworth, P., Davidson, K. and Espie, C. (2010). CognitiveBehavioral Factors Associated With Sleep Quality in Chronic Pain Patients.Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 8(1), pp.28-39. BaHammam, A. (2010). Sleep quality in CCU patients after controlling for environmental factors.Sleep Medicine, 11(8), pp.804-805. Bosma, K. and Ranieri, V. (2009). Filtering out the noise: evaluating the impact of noise and sound reduction strategies on sleep quality for ICU patients.Critical Care, 13(3), p.151. CHENG, K. and YEUNG, R. (2012). Impact of mood disturbance, sleep disturbance, fatigue and pain among patients receiving cancer therapy.European Journal of Cancer Care, 22(1), pp.70-78. Chung, S. and Youn, S. (2016). Optimizing the Pharmacological Treatment for Insomnia.Journal of Sleep Medicine, 13(1), pp.1-7. Heussler, H., Chan, P., Price, A., Waters, K., Davey, M. and Hiscock, H. (2013). Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of sleep disturbance in children: An Australian Paediatric Research Network survey.Sleep Medicine, 14(2), pp.189-194. Rawding, R. (2016). Sleep: I Need How Much.HAPS Educator, 20(4), pp.48-53. Rj, I. and R, G. (2016). Role of environmental factors on sleep patterns of different age groups.Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 9(6), p.124. Savard, M., Savard, J., Caplette-Gingras, A. and Ivers, H. (2011). W-D-030 WHAT TYPES OF HOT FLASHES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS?.Sleep Medicine, 12, pp.S102-S103. Sterniczuk, R., Rusak, B. and Rockwood, K. (2014). Sleep disturbance in older ICU patients.Clinical Interventions in Aging, p.969. Waller, L. and Jennum, P. (2013). Age-related changes in sleep pattern and sleep structure and the association to cognitive performance: the metropolit 1953 danish male birth cohort.Sleep Medicine, 14, p.e24. Weber, M. (2013). A Brief and Selective Review of Treatment Approaches for Sleep Disturbance following Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of Sleep Disorders Therapy, 02(02). Weinhouse, G. and Watson, P. (2011). Sedation and Sleep Disturbances in the ICU.Anesthesiology Clinics, 29(4), pp.675-685.

Ukrainian Culture Essays - Ukrainian Studies,

Ukrainian Culture Ukrainian Culture The best way to begin to understand Ukrainian culture is to review early Ukrainian history. This will give us a good step from which to look at traditional Ukrainian culture. Unlike the Russian people, who descended from northern tribes descending from Scandinavia and the far north, Ukrainian history was influenced by southern civilizations such as Scythians and Greeks. Invasions by the Huns and the Khazars between the 3rd and 9th centuries mixed Ukrainian bloodlines with those from all over Asia. During the 10th century, Kievan Rus was established and the golden age of Ukrainian kings was born. During this period, many important events took place, notably; King Volodymyr the Great introduced Christianity to the Ukrainian State. The region fell to the Mongols Golden Horde in the 13th century, and was eventually ruled by Poland and Lithuania. This was known as the Age of the Kozaks, Ukrainian horseman that formed one of the largest armies of the time to fight against the invading armies of more powerful nations. These Kozaks were active in their fight for independence well into the Russian occupation, before eventually coming under the control of Russia in the late 18th century. In 1918, Ukraine declared its independence, only to be reclaimed in 1922 by Communists during the Bolshevik Revolution. Ravaged by war and Nazi occupation during WWII, Ukraine remained under Soviet rule until declaring its freedom in 1991. Ukrainian culture has been defined in many creative styles. Literature is arguably the most prominent expression of Ukrainian culture. Ukrainian literature had been developing since the early 11th century, when people of the early Kievan Rus drafted some of Ukraine's first works in early Church Slavonic, such as the Hypathian Chronicles. The first historical epic of Ukraine, Slovo o polku Ihorevi, was written during this period. The major authors of this period were two monks known as Ilarion of Kiev, Cyril of Turov, and Prince Volodymyr Monomah II. The 16th century brought such innovations as the printing press that allowed the church to spread information during a period of Polish occupation. Works such as Perestoroha and Apocrisis bound together the religious community in these tough times. Ukraine experienced the Baroque period in the 17th and 18th centuries, with the rest of Europe. The best known poet of the 18th century was Hryhory Skovoroda, often referred to as the "Ukrainian Socrates". The Ukrainian dialect was greatly strengthened during, and after, the 18th century when Ukrainian began to overcome Russian as the language of literary choice. The 19th century brought about the Golden Age of Ukrainian literature with authors such as Ivan Kotlyarevski (Eneida), and Hryhory Kvitka Osnovyanenko. The romanticism was centered in Kharkiv during the 1830's producing more ?enjoyable' works that were read by both the affluent and the poor alike. The trio of Shashkevich, Holovatsky, and vahylevich wrote the most notable works. Taras Shevchenko, the greatest recognized poet of Ukrainian history, was the first to write of the Russian oppression of the Ukrainian serfs in poems such as Haidamaky, which eventually became national treasures. Authors such as Marko Vovchok, and Ivan Nechuy-Levitski supported Ukrainian realism. Their works took a more somber role of looking at the aspects of their country around them, from the suffering of the serfdom to the Ukrainian intelligencia. Lesya Ukraina, who worked in prose, best defined Modernism of the 19th and 20th centuries. Authors such as Pavlo Tychyna, Mykhylo Symenko, and Mykola Bazhan produced the greatest works of their time during this period known as the ?realism'. After this period, Ukrainian works became more and more oppressed by Soviet occupation, and would eventually end the trail of great Ukrainian works. Ukrainian art took shape in two very notable forms. In music, the bandura; and in visual arts, the pysanka, or, Ukrainian Easter egg. The bandura is an old instrument from the old days of the kozak armies. Banduristiv, as they were called, would roam from the different villages singing songs about the kozak battles, and sharing the rich history of the country at a time when travel was long and dangerous. The pysanka is a decorated egg that descended from pagan times as an offering of good will and religious gift between family and friends. The pysanky were found to be very superstitious, and played an active role in a persons life, be it as a blessing for good crops, or as an icon of protection over a families home. The pysanky are an art form that is unique to Ukraine because of their heritage, applications, and meanings in Ukrainian life. The most interesting aspect of pysanky is perhaps the method in which